The Research of Medical Science Review

The Research of Medical Science Review [ISSN: 3007-1208 & 3007-1216], published by Innovative Education Research Institute, is an international open-access, double-blind peer-review journal.

The journal is dedicated to advancing the frontiers of medical and allied health sciences by providing a timely and reliable platform for the publication of significant research and developments. Its mission is to facilitate the exchange of critical scientific knowledge, offering a space for the discussion of emerging trends, news, and pressing issues in the scientific world.

Its mission is to facilitate the global exchange of essential scientific knowledge and promote discussions on emerging trends, groundbreaking discoveries, and critical issues in both human and animal health.

The Research of Medical Science Review is dedicated to fostering a broad and multidisciplinary dialogue including but not limited to the following areas:

Internal Medicine and Subspecialties [Cardiology, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Health, Hematology, Nephrology, Neurology, Oncology, Pulmonology, Rheumatology, Infectious Disease]

Surgical and Subspecialties [General Surgery, Orthopedics, OB/GYN, Urology, Otolaryngology, (ENT), Ophthalmology]

Diagnostic and Imaging Fields [ Radiology & Pathology]

Rehabilitation Sciences [ Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy]

Pediatric

Allied Health Professions [ Psychiatry, Nursing, Nutrition and Dietetics, paramedics, Pathology, Public Health, Sports Sciences, Physical Education, Health Management]

Genetics and Immunology [Genetics and Genomics & Immunology]

Pharmacy Pharmaceutical Sciences

Dentistry

Biochemistry

Environmental Sciences

Biological Sciences [Zoology, Botany, Microbiology, Biotechnology, Medical Sciences, Cell Biology, and Molecular Biology]

Animal Health and Veterinary Sciences [Veterinary Medicine, Animal Physiology, and Pathology, Animal Nutrition, Zoonotic Diseases, Livestock Management, Wildlife Health and Conservation]

Anesthesiology

Agriculture

Forensic Science

Vol. 3 No. 8 (2025): The Research of Medical Science Review

Published: 2025-08-01

CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY

Dr. Maheen Jawaid, Dr. Ashar Alam, Dr. Shoukat, Dr. Faiza Saeed, Dr. Javeria Chughtai, Dr. Shabana Rahim (Author)

1-7

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DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF CONTRAST ENHANCED COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN DETERMINING T STAGE OF GALL BLADDER MALIGNANCY TAKING HISTOPATHOLOGY AS GOLD STANDARD

Ammar Zahid Sheikh, Islah ud Din, Hooria Shumail, Zara Shaukat, Safa Khalil, Ifrah Maryam (Author)

531-538

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COMPARISON OF EFFICACY OF FIXED-DOSE ROSUVASTATIN PLUS EZETIMIBE COMBINATION THERAPY VERSUS ROSUVASTATIN MONOTHERAPY IN CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE PATIENTS

Wajahat Shafi, Qandeel Zafar, Faran Maqbool, Shahzad Manzoor, Zoya Sohail, Ansar Abbas (Author)

539-545

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THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF MRI IN PRE-OPERATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PERIANAL FISTULA IN ISLAMABAD-PAKISTAN: A RETROSPECTIVE, OBSERVATIONAL STUDY

Aneeza Iqbal, Umair Ajmal, Amena Irfan Shami, Ayesha Munir, Wasim Ahmad (Author)

546-553

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TARGETING OXIDATIVE STRESS AND INFLAMMATION: PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF CASSIA ABSUS FOR ARTHRITIS MANAGEMENT IN RAT MODELS

Talha Raza, Muhammad Shahbaz Khan Afridi, Humaira Tahir, Faeza Hasnain, Anam Zahra (Author)

554-576

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BENEFICIAL INSECTS IN SUSTAINABLE PEST MANAGEMENT: ENHANCING ECOLOGICAL BALANCE IN AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS

Muhammad Adnan Raza, Hanan Khalid, Babu Pehlwan, Syed Muhammad Faizan, Imran Ali Sani, Muhammad Ayyaz, Tooba Gu, Ubaidullah, M. Junaid Iqbal, Muhammad Mujahid (Author)

577-586

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ASSESSMENT OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTION REPORTING AWARENESS AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN BANNU, PAKISTAN

Abdullah Mahmood, Aftab Ali, Abdul Haseeb MBBS, Saima Mahmood, Ali Shuai Hussein Argash, Zain Akram Rao, Afzaal Ahmad, Muhammad Burhan, Waqas Ahmad Khan (Author)

587-595

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PREVALENCE OF NEPHROPATHY AMONG DIABETIC PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS LEVELS OF VISCERAL ADIPOSITY INDEX

Dr. Wajeeha Gull, Dr. Mehreen Gull, Dr. Amna Ehsan, Dr. Arwa Shahid, Dr. Ghulam Murtaza Gondal (Author)

1901-1912

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PSYCHOSOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CHOICE BETWEEN CESAREAN SECTION AND NORMAL DELIVERY

Sania Imran, Shaista Fatima, Hamna Iftikhar, Atikka Masoud, Muhammad Ali, Faiqa Firdous, Wasim Ahmad (Author)

596-505

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BARRIERS TO MEDICATION ADHERENCE AMONG CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PATIENTS AND ASSESSMENT OF COMPLIANCE TOWARDS TREATMENT

Faria Sikandar, Dr. Nasim Rafiq, Amjad Ali, Saman Sahar, Zunaira Naseem, Hassnain Ali (Author)

506-515

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PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN

Muhammad Saqib, Amjad Ali, Dr. Nasim Rafiq, Nisha Naseem, Rubab Fatima (Author)

516-524

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINANTS IN FRESH WATER AND WASTE WATER IN KILLA ABDULLAH REGION, BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN

Najeeb Ullah, Aamir Rasool, Abdul Manan, Robina Manzoor, Sharif Hasni, Kaleemullah, Gohar Shah (Author)

8-18

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON MALARIA PREVALENCE IN TWO MAJOR HOSPITALS IN HYDERABAD, SINDH, PAKISTAN

Asma Kanwal Thebo, Sajid Siyal, Majid Hussain Soomro, Khalid Hussain Buriro, Shaista Jalbani, Attia Bushra (Author)

19-27

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ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF COMMON PATHOGENIC BACTERIA FROM GUT OF HONEY BEE (APIS MELLIFERA)

Sadaf Fatimah, Afghan Ambreen, Jahan ara Parveen, Rabia Noreen, Maria Said, Mukarram Sharif, Rozina Gulab (Author)

28-36

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ROLE OF SONOGRAPHY IN THE EVALUATION OF UNDESCENDED TESTIS IN PEDIATRICS

Mahnoor Malik, Bakhtawar Aslam, Maryam Zaheer, Maryam Abid, Asma Waheed, Muhammad Ali Qureshi, Shahid Hussain (Author)

37-44

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ASSOCIATION OF SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS OF CDH1 GENE WITH BREAST CANCER: AN IN-SILICO APPRAOCH

Nadia Hussain, Aleena Ahmad Khan, Amal H. I. Al Haddad, Saboor Muarij Bunny, Dur-e-Shahwar, Fatima Muccee, Shafia Arshad (Author)

45-54

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PREVALENCE OF MORTON’S NEUROMA IN FEMALES WEARING HIGH HEELS AND FLAT SHOES

Afza Ali1, Farah Mansoor, Samama Ejaz, Raheel Munawar (Author)

55-63

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CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE OF UNKNOWN ETIOLOGY

Dr. Maheen Jawaid, Dr. Ashar Alam, Dr. Salman Imtiaz, Dr. Shoukat, Dr. Faiza Saeed, Dr. Javeria Chughtai, Dr. Shabana Rahim (Author)

64-70

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN DIABETES DETECTION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF METHODS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS

Syed Saad Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Shirazi, Khurram Iqbal, Muhammad Arshad Yaqoob, Sajid Ali, Iqra Bilawal, Noroz Khan (Author)

71-76

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KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS CERVICAL CANCER PREVENTION AMONG WOMEN VISITING THE GYNECOLOGY OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT AT PRIVATE TEACHING LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Quart-ul-Ain, Iqra Shazadi, Fareeha Asghar (Author)

77-81

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KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE REGARDING BLOOD DONATIONS AMONG PRE-CLINICAL AND CLINICAL UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS

Aymen Shafiq, Faiqa Hameed, Maria Fiaz Malik, Mohammad Faisal Zaffar, Rohma Rana, Maham Shahbaz, Sharjeel Mahmood, Iram Mahmood (Author)

82-87

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PREVALENCE OF SYMPTOMS AND ASSOCIATED DISTRESS IN PATIENTS WITH DECOMPENSATED CIRRHOSIS

Dr. Kainat Mangi, Professor Abdul Aziz Sahito, Dr. Hajra Choudhary, Dr. Aamir Hussain (Author)

88-94

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ASSESSMENT OF VARICOSE VEIN IN LOWER EXTREMITIES & ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS ON DOPPLER ULTRASOUND AT HAYATABAD MEDICAL COMPLEX PESHAWAR

Qazi Omama Mushtaq, Amir Hussain, Shamia Kamal, Minahil Younas, Tania Khan, Muhammad Zubair (Author)

95-99

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MOTOR LEARNING APPROACHES IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Zakir Ullah, Faryal Javed, Sadiq Ullah Khan, Arisha Anjum, Jamila Bukhari, Sana Ali, Dr. Hassan Ali (Author)

100-105

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IDENTIFYING TEAMWORK REGARDING NEEDS OF THE MEDICAL EMERGENCY TEAM: NURSE’S PERSPECTIVES

Musawara Mehnaz, Humera Saeed, Lubna Hafeez (Author)

106-109

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SYNTHETIC ORGANIC COMPOUNDS IN CANCER TREATMENT: MECHANISMS, CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Areeqa Rehman, Ali Rehmat, Ilham Ali, Dua Akram, Nouman Yousaf, Hafiz Muhammad Umer Ali (Author)

110-121

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EXAMINING THERMAL TOLERANCE AND PHYLOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS OF JUVENILE ERYX JOHNII IN THE THAL DESERT

Munazza Akram, Muhammad Faheem Haider, Firdous Hanif, Humaira Bibi, Aleeha Batool (Author)

122-126

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THE ROLE OF NON-INVASIVE IMAGING IN THE EVALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF HEPATITIS-RELATED LIVER DISEASE DURING PREGNANCY

Ovais Malik, Iqra Anees Rajput, Komal Khalid Chaudhry, Akshay Kumar, Rimal Rashid, Tahir Ilyas, Muhammad Saqib Aslam (Author)

127-144

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EFFECTIVENESS OF BUPROPION IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION NOT RESPONDING TO TADALAFIL: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

Dr. Altaf Ahmad (Author)

145-146

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INVESTIGATING THYROID HORMONE IMBALANCES IN COVID-19 PATIENTS FROM LARKANA

Ishfaque Ahmed Mugheri, Abdul Majid, Qamar Abbas Solangi, Dr Javed Ali Khawaja, Vinay Kumar Jesrani, Mehar Ali Kazi (Author)

147-153

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THE EFFICACY OF VIRTUAL REALITY BASED REHABILITATION IN STROKE PATIENT. A REVIEW

Mansoor Ahmad, Aizaz Ullah Khan, Nadeem Ahmad, Ataur Rahman, Ayesha Sadiq, Zahoor Ahmad, Fazal Hassan (Author)

154-163

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PHARMACOKINETICS AND MOLECULAR DOCKING-BASED INVESTIGATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM Curcuma longa TARGETING KEY PROTEINS IN LOW BACK PAIN MANAGEMENT

Maryam Parveen, Ali Mustafa, Adeel Akhtar, Tasawar Ahmad, Muhammad Zahir Tahir, Fakher Adnan, Ali Umar, Muhammad Saleem Khan (Author)

164-182

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MAPPING THE MATERNAL HEART: A PUBLIC HEALTH REVIEW OF CARDIAC SCREENING PROTOCOLS IN OBSTETRIC CARE

Dr.Naseem Noor Elahi, Dr Amber Shams, Dr Nafia Akbar Jalbani, Dr Syeda Malika Haider, Dr. Ayesha Shahid, Dr Anum Abbas (Author)

183-187

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AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON NURSES’ JOB SATISFACTION AND QUALITY OF CARE IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Attia Nasim, Razia Perveen, Aasiya Khanam (Author)

188-195

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SILENT LIVER CRISIS: PREVALENCE AND PREDICTORS OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES PATIENTS COMPARED TO NON-DIABETIC CONTROLS IN HAZARA REGION

Saba Zeb, Amber Tasnim, Sara Umar, Sumera Kazmi, Azmat Abdullah, Wasim Ahmad (Author)

196-206

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FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF 12-GAUGE SHOTGUN FATALITIES: WOUND MORPHOLOGY AND RANGE ESTIMATION

Rashid Ali, Muhammad Sajjad, Muhammad Qideer Ul Hassan, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed (Author)

207-220

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SMART NANOCARRIERS FOR TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY ENHANCING THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY AND REDUCING SYSTEMIC TOXICITY

Sheza Farhat Altaf, Muhammad Sohail Khan, Rishma, Asad ullah, Roman Zahid, Imran Ali (Author)

221-238

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RENAL OSTEODYSTROPHY AND ITS ORTHOPAEDIC IMPLICATIONS IN CHILDREN WITH END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE

Ovais Malik, Ayesha Ibrahim, Maida Zafar, Tahir Ilyas, Muhammad Nirman Shehzad, Seema Aftab, Iram Ashraf (Author)

239-263

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INTEGRATIVE IMMUNOINFORMATICS DESIGN OF A MULTI-EPITOPE PEPTIDE VACCINE TARGETING CONSERVED FLAGELLIN A PROTEIN OF MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Haris Munir, Hamna Tariq, Muhammad Saleem, Ali Noman, Kainat Ramzan, Amina Islam, Ibtsam Bilal, Aamer Hassan, Moeen Zulfiqar, Ali Moazzam Qadri, Ali Haider Ali, Syed Arslan Haider, Isfa Sarfraz (Author)

264-285

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EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON ANXIETY LEVELS IN ACID ATTACK VICTIMS IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Ms. Alina Sajid, Ms. Alina Sajid, Dr. Ivan Suneel, Dr. Abia Nazim (Author)

286-293

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COMPARING THE EFFECTS OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY AND MOTOR LEARNING TECHNIQUES IN ADULTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVE DISORDER

Dr Aiman Abbas, Dr Meesha Naseer, Dr Muhammad Haroon Qamar, Dr Masooma Gull, Dr Mariya Tariq (Author)

294-302

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INVESTIGATION THE PSYCHOLOGICAL COPING STRATEGIES AND MOTIVATION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS: A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS

Taiba Aamir, Mishal Zoha, Ayesha Khalid, Mehak Saleem, Javeria Farooq (Author)

303-31O

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CONCEPT ANALYSIS PAPER: CLINICAL HANDOFF

Najia Gul, Khush Bakht, Safiah Mir, Syed Afzal Shah (Author)

311-313

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SERUM GGT AND AST AS BIOMARKERS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: AN ASSOCIATIVE STUDY

Samiullah Khan, Aniqa Tariq, Shaista Hamid, Hiba Noor (Author)

314-324

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ASSOCIATION OF EXERCISE ADDICTION WITH EMOTIONAL DISTRESS AMONG INJURED OR NON-INJURED REGULAR EXERCISORS

Dr. Reeham Akbar, Dr. Ayesha Amin, Dr. Khushboo, Dr. Mamoona Anwar, Dr. Muqaddas Norani (Author)

325-330

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THE BOTANICAL EFFECTS OF SELENIUM AND ZINC ON BIOCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SPINACH UNDER VARYING SALT CONDITIONS

Muhammad Saad Ul Hasnain, Anila Zafar, Mah Rukh, Muhammad Kamran Khan, Hafiz Masood Ahmad Sultani, Muhammad Jawad Bin Ashraf (Author)

331-338

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HARNESSING NATURE FOR CARDIOVASCULAR HEALTH: A REVIEW OF NATURAL PCSK9 INHIBITORS

Faiza Irshad, Shafia Arshad, Laila Sumreen, Tayyeba Idrees Butt, Saad Qamar, Farah Zafar, Rida Tanveer, Usman Wajid (Author)

339-375

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EMPOWERING LIVES THROUGH EDUCATION: IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE FOR PEOPLE WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES IN PUNJAB

Kinza Iqbal, Lubna Hafeez, Aiman Farooq, Sidra Tul Muntaha (Author)

376-380

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EMERGING TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY, ZOOLOGY AND PROMINENT FEATURES OF MUNG BEANS

Muhammad Anees Ramzan, Saira Naseer, Qurratulain Koushar, Zahra Batool, Muhammad Zareef Sajid, Farishta Zarshan, Sohail Ahmad, Ayesha Khalid, Muhammad Ishtiaq (Author)

381-390

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ASSOCIATION OF MATERNAL HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS WITH NEONATAL BIRTH WEIGHT: EVIDENCE FROM A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL, BAHAWALPUR

Habib Ullah Riaz, Fatima Afzal, Saadia Sarwar, Robina Majeed, Mehak Fatima, Amna Latif, Aroosa Shoukat (Author)

391-399

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TOO YOUNG TO MARRY: A QUALITATIVE INQUIRY INTO THE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH OUTCOMES OF CHILD MARRIAGE IN RURAL PAKISTAN

Kinza Riaz, Shaista Naz, Muhammad Jamil Afridi (Author)

400-414

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THE EFFECTIVENESS OF DIAPHRAGMATIC BREATHING & BUTEYKO BREATHING TECHNIQUE IN PATIENTS WITH ASTHMA

Muslim Khan, Dr. M. Riaz Baig Chughtai, Prof Dr Sajid Rashid, Dr Nawab Ali, Muhammad Zia Ullah Shah, Liaqat Ali (Author)

415-419

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KNOWLEDGE AND UTILIZATION OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT AMONG HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN

Muhammad Umar Farid, Sidra Rao, Muhammad Rehan Ahmad (Author)

420-429

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THE ROLE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE IN ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: CHALLENGES AND ONE HEALTH SOLUTIONS

Anas Tahir, Hammad Ahmed Hashmi, Muhammad Adeel Faizan, Syed Balaj Hussain Rizvi, Abdul Rehman, Majid Ali, Faisal Rasheed, Sohail Khan, Irsa Kanwal, Obaid Muhammad Abdullah (Author)

430-438

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