COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF HEAVY METALS CONTAMINANTS IN FRESH WATER AND WASTE WATER IN KILLA ABDULLAH REGION, BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN

Abstract

Detecting heavy metals in both fresh and wastewater is really important for keeping our environment safe. If these metals are around, they can cause some major health problems like brain damage, kidney issues, and even raise cancer risks. In this study, we looked at levels of heavy metals like manganese, antimony, copper, chromium, sodium, lead, and iron in freshwater and wastewater from Killa Abdullah. So, in the Killa Abdullah area, we found that the average lead levels were 0.0009 mg/l in ground water, 0.0109 mg/l in surface water, 0.0200 mg/l in rain water, and 0.0023 mg/l in waste water. For iron, the averages came out to be 0.3223 mg/l for ground water, 0.0708 mg/l for surface water, 0.8261 mg/l for rain water, and 0.2663 mg/l for waste water. Then, looking at copper, we saw average values of 0.3500 mg/l for ground water, 0.100 mg/l for surface water, 0.3600 mg/l for rain water, and 0.0162 mg/l for waste water. When it comes to antimony, the averages were 1.6654 mg/l in ground water, 2.2205 mg/l in surface water, 0.5204 mg/l in rain water, and 1.5777 gm/l in waste water. Lastly, for manganese, the average levels were 0.1961 mg/l for ground water, 0.3152 mg/l for surface water, 0.3051 mg/l for rain water, and 0.2628 mg/l for waste water. There's definitely a mix of metals in the water, like iron, chromium, lead, antimony and copper. Looking at tube well water is kind of alarming because there are high levels of heavy metals. It seems like farming contributes to the chromium levels, while arsenic is more common near crowded areas and places with wastewater. This pretty much shows that we really need to get our act together on water management so we can lower health risks and ensure everyone has safe drinking water.